Author Archive

AI-Generated Works Are Public Domain, Court Affirms

 

 

This image of The Terminator can’t be copyrighted, since it was generated by AI.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled on March 18th, 2025 that works generated by AI, without human involvement, are not eligible for copyright protection under U.S. law.

Computer scientist Stephen Thaler argued that his ‘Creativity Machine’ created the painting on its own, and tried to copyright it. The US Copyright Office rejected it, and their decision was affirmed by a lower federal court.

Now, a federal appeals court has affirmed that decision, ruling that art created by artificial intelligence cannot be copyrighted, saying that at least initial human authorship is required for a copyright. The decision is based on the Copyright Act of 1976, which the court said was based on human authorship. Many provisions of the act are based on the idea of human authorship, like copyright lasting for 70 years beyond the author’s death.

The image A Recent Entrance To Paradise is public domain, because it was generated by AI and does not have a human author.

This affirms how copyright applies to AI-generated works. Under current law, content produced entirely by AI immediately enters the public domain, allowing unrestricted commercial use. Works can be copyrighted if they are authored by a human that provides ‘meaningful input’, and AI is just used as a tool.

The decision has interesting implications for musicians:

  • AI-generated audio is public domain, meaning that it can be sampled and used to create original works.
  • Music that’s created by a musician can be copyrighted, even if they use AI-powered tools for things like effects, mixing and mastering.
  • If you use AI-powered tools to create music, without providing ‘meaningful input’ and control over the results, you can’t copyright it. What level of creative control is needed to meet this bar is still a gray area.

The ruling affirms US Copyright Office guidance from 2023 on AI-generated works.

What do you think about the use of AI tools in music-making? Share your thoughts in the comments!

Tim Exile Introduces Autechre-Inspired PTNSHIFT Generative Instrument For Native Instruments’ Reaktor & Ableton Push


Producer Tim Exile (Timothy Charles Shaw) lets us know that he has introduced PTNSHIFT, a generative music performance instrument for Ableton Push and Native Instruments Reaktor.

He says that it’s inspired by Autechre’s generative live performances, and combines the “deep sonic universe of modular synthesis” with DJ-style interactions, like pattern-launching, mixing, blending and FX.

The official intro video:

Here’s a deep dive into PTNSHIFT:

*Note: PTNSHIFT requires a full license of Native Instruments’ Reaktor to run without restrictions.

PTNSHIFT is available now for $59 + tax and includes a Reaktor file and a MacOS and Windows companion app for capturing the Reaktor interface and displaying it on Push 2’s screen. Additionally, PTNSHIFT and Scapeshift are now available as a bundle for $99 + tax.

 

Geddy Lee & Moog Music Launch Red Limited Edition Geddy Lee Minimoog Model D Synthesizer


Geddy Lee teams up with Moog for limited edition satin red Minimoog Model D with ‘hot-rodded’ VCA circuit.

Moog Music has announced the releases of the Geddy Lee Minimoog Model D, a limited edition of the iconic analogue synth that pays tribute to the Rush frontman’s enduring influence on progressive rock.

The Geddy Lee Minimoog sports a custom satin red finish with metallic flecks that echoes the look of the keyboard rig used by Lee around the time of the 1984 album Grace Under Pressure, and the synth is adorned with a custom badge and sticker featuring Rush’s “Starman” logo.

The Geddy Lee Minimoog Model D arrives with a bundle of Rush merch, including an exclusive 10″ red vinyl featuring Xanadu and Jacob’s Ladder, a collectible poster, commemorative manual and gift box. Each instrument is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity hand-signed by Lee and individually numbered.

In a video shared to Reverb’s YouTube channel, Lee tells the story of Rush’s introduction to synthesizers in the mid-’70s, beginning with the Moog Taurus and then the Minimoog Model D. “It was the first time that a schlub like myself could dream big with an instrument that was easy to get around,” he says.

“You could get your head around it; you could learn about waveforms by just clicking the dial and blending them and playing with the modulation wheel. That’s the legacy of the Minimoog; not only does it sound fat and sophisticated but it’s not daunting to get your hands on.”

Lee goes on to discuss how the Minimoog was utilized on classic Rush tracks such as Tom Sawyer, Xanadu and Subdivisions: “For Tom Sawyer I played around with sawtooth and square waves, trying to blend the two of them so that I got a fatter sound from the square and a bit of rizz from the sawtooth”.


“The Minimoog Model D has shaped music history for over five decades, inspiring creativity across genres with its timeless instrument design and raw analog power,” said Erik Norlander, Director of Product Development at Moog Music. “The Geddy Lee Minimoog Model D combines the iconic sound and intuitive functionality of the original, with exclusive features that honor both its history and its future.”

The Geddy Lee Minimoog Model D is exclusively available via Reverb (US), priced at $5,499.